Investment Q&A

• iShares S&P/TSX Composite High Dividend Index ETF (XEI $32.33)
  • $32.33 P/E (TTM): 4.66X Cap: $2.71B
  • View XEI Profile
  • View Questions on XEI
• Vanguard FTSE Developed All Cap ex North America Index ETF (VIU $42.84)
  • $42.84 P/E (TTM): 22.96X Cap: $7.53B
  • View VIU Profile
  • View Questions on VIU
• Vanguard U.S. Dividend Appreciation Index ETF (VGG $105.07)
  • $105.07 Cap: $2.31B
  • View VGG Profile
  • View Questions on VGG
• iShares Core MSCI Canadian Quality Dividend Index ETF (XDIV $36.31)
  • $36.31 P/E (TTM): 10.22X Cap: $3.51B
  • View XDIV Profile
  • View Questions on XDIV
• Fidelity Canadian Momentum ETF FCCM (FCCM $11.33)
  • $11.33 P/E (TTM): 16.19X
  • View FCCM Profile
  • View Questions on FCCM

Q: these ETFs are my main yield workhorses. Can you suggest others to compliment them?

Upvote 5

Read Answer Asked by Mark on November 25, 2025

• BMO Canadian Dividend ETF (ZDV $27.07)
  • $27.07 P/E (TTM): 13.11X Cap: $1.38B
  • View ZDV Profile
  • View Questions on ZDV
• iShares Canadian Select Dividend Index ETF (XDV $38.77)
  • $38.77 P/E (TTM): 11.56X Cap: $2.10B
  • View XDV Profile
  • View Questions on XDV
• iShares S&P/TSX Composite High Dividend Index ETF (XEI $32.33)
  • $32.33 P/E (TTM): 4.66X Cap: $2.71B
  • View XEI Profile
  • View Questions on XEI
• Vanguard FTSE Canadian High Dividend Yield Index ETF (VDY $61.15)
  • $61.15 P/E (TTM): 5.9X Cap: $5.33B
  • View VDY Profile
  • View Questions on VDY

Q: What are the best return Canadian dividend etfs you can recommend?

Upvote 13

Read Answer Asked by Kim on November 11, 2025

• Philip Morris International Inc (PM $148.58)
  • $148.58 P/E (TTM): 27.96X Cap: $231.28B
  • View PM Profile
  • View Questions on PM
• Enbridge Inc. (ENB $67.26)
  • $67.26 P/E (TTM): 25.73X Cap: $146.71B
  • View ENB Profile
  • View Questions on ENB
  • View Reports on ENB
• Brookfield Renewable Partners L.P. (BEP.UN $39.65)
  • $39.65 Cap: $26.08B
  • View BEP.UN Profile
  • View Questions on BEP.UN
  • View Reports on BEP.UN
• North West Company Inc. (The) (NWC $48.56)
  • $48.56 P/E (TTM): 17.78X Cap: $2.38B
  • View NWC Profile
  • View Questions on NWC
  • View Reports on NWC
• BMO Canadian Dividend ETF (ZDV $27.07)
  • $27.07 P/E (TTM): 13.11X Cap: $1.38B
  • View ZDV Profile
  • View Questions on ZDV
• iShares S&P/TSX Composite High Dividend Index ETF (XEI $32.33)
  • $32.33 P/E (TTM): 4.66X Cap: $2.71B
  • View XEI Profile
  • View Questions on XEI
• iShares S&P/TSX Canadian Dividend Aristocrats Index ETF (CDZ $40.39)
  • $40.39 P/E (TTM): 14.68X Cap: $1.07B
  • View CDZ Profile
  • View Questions on CDZ
• Vanguard FTSE Canadian High Dividend Yield Index ETF (VDY $61.15)
  • $61.15 P/E (TTM): 5.9X Cap: $5.33B
  • View VDY Profile
  • View Questions on VDY
• Vanguard U.S. Dividend Appreciation Index ETF (VGG $105.07)
  • $105.07 Cap: $2.31B
  • View VGG Profile
  • View Questions on VGG
• British American Tobacco p.l.c. (BTI $58.04)
  • $58.04 P/E (TTM): 32.31X Cap: $126.89B
  • View BTI Profile
  • View Questions on BTI

Q: I want to start drawing some yield income from my TFSA.
What would be your top 5 etf or stocks?Good yield,Low to Moderate risk.
Thankyou

Upvote 6

Read Answer Asked by Steve on November 04, 2025

• iShares S&P/TSX Composite High Dividend Index ETF (XEI $32.33)
  • $32.33 P/E (TTM): 4.66X Cap: $2.71B
  • View XEI Profile
  • View Questions on XEI

Q: I had a representative from Sun Life approach me with the option of rolling my LIRA/RRIF money into an annuity, providing guaranteed, stable income for life. Would you suggest taking a portion of RRIF funds and putting it into an annuity, or instead relying on a combination of ETFs that provide dividend income and capital appreciation?

Upvote 5

Read Answer Asked by Paul on October 28, 2025

• iShares S&P/TSX Composite High Dividend Index ETF (XEI $32.33)
  • $32.33 P/E (TTM): 4.66X Cap: $2.71B
  • View XEI Profile
  • View Questions on XEI
• iShares US Dividend Growers Index ETF (CAD-Hedged) (CUD $54.55)
  • $54.55 P/E (TTM): 20.55X Cap: $243M
  • View CUD Profile
  • View Questions on CUD
• Vanguard FTSE Canadian High Dividend Yield Index ETF (VDY $61.15)
  • $61.15 P/E (TTM): 5.9X Cap: $5.33B
  • View VDY Profile
  • View Questions on VDY

Q: Hello,

Looking for the optimal ETF (or combinaison) for income and some growth with 300 k.
80 % VDY with 20% VEQT ? other suggestion ?
Thanks !

Upvote 1

Read Answer Asked by Martin on September 23, 2025

• iShares S&P/TSX Composite High Dividend Index ETF (XEI $32.33)
  • $32.33 P/E (TTM): 4.66X Cap: $2.71B
  • View XEI Profile
  • View Questions on XEI
• iShares S&P/TSX Canadian Dividend Aristocrats Index ETF (CDZ $40.39)
  • $40.39 P/E (TTM): 14.68X Cap: $1.07B
  • View CDZ Profile
  • View Questions on CDZ
• WisdomTree Europe Hedged Equity Fund (HEDJ $52.60)
  • $52.60 P/E (TTM): 55.92X Cap: $1.77B
  • View HEDJ Profile
  • View Questions on HEDJ
• iShares Core High Dividend ETF (HDV $122.85)
  • $122.85 P/E (TTM): 20.05X Cap: $11.71B
  • View HDV Profile
  • View Questions on HDV
• Invesco High Yield Equity Dividend Achievers ETF (PEY $20.38)
  • $20.38 P/E (TTM): 14.71X Cap: $1.03B
  • View PEY Profile
  • View Questions on PEY
• First Trust STOXX European Select Dividend Income Fund (FDD $16.76)
  • $16.76 P/E (TTM): 35.69X Cap: $648M
  • View FDD Profile
  • View Questions on FDD

Q: High-Dividend yield ETFs.

Could you list 2 in Canada & 2 in the USA?

Are there any European High-Dividend yield ETFs.?

Thank you.

Upvote 3

Read Answer Asked by Ross on September 10, 2025

• BMO Monthly Income ETF (ZMI $18.58)
  • $18.58 P/E (TTM): 17.94X Cap: $190M
  • View ZMI Profile
  • View Questions on ZMI
• BMO S&P 500 Index ETF (ZSP $104.89)
  • $104.89 P/E (TTM): 26.73X Cap: $21.19B
  • View ZSP Profile
  • View Questions on ZSP
• iShares S&P/TSX Composite High Dividend Index ETF (XEI $32.33)
  • $32.33 P/E (TTM): 4.66X Cap: $2.71B
  • View XEI Profile
  • View Questions on XEI
• iShares S&P/TSX 60 Index ETF (XIU $46.66)
  • $46.66 P/E (TTM): 16.8X Cap: $19.41B
  • View XIU Profile
  • View Questions on XIU
• Vanguard FTSE Developed All Cap ex North America Index ETF (VIU $42.84)
  • $42.84 P/E (TTM): 22.96X Cap: $7.53B
  • View VIU Profile
  • View Questions on VIU
• BMO Growth ETF (ZGRO.T $13.09)
  • $13.09 P/E (TTM): 17.12X Cap: $35M
  • View ZGRO.T Profile
  • View Questions on ZGRO.T

Q: I am building a small non-registered portfolio to provide income with modest capital appreciation. Your thought on these 4 ETFs or other suggestion.

Upvote 12

Read Answer Asked by Roy on July 21, 2025

• iShares Core S&P/TSX Capped Composite Index ETF (XIC $50.37)
  • $50.37 P/E (TTM): 20.73X Cap: $21.10B
  • View XIC Profile
  • View Questions on XIC
• iShares S&P/TSX Composite High Dividend Index ETF (XEI $32.33)
  • $32.33 P/E (TTM): 4.66X Cap: $2.71B
  • View XEI Profile
  • View Questions on XEI
• iShares S&P/TSX Canadian Dividend Aristocrats Index ETF (CDZ $40.39)
  • $40.39 P/E (TTM): 14.68X Cap: $1.07B
  • View CDZ Profile
  • View Questions on CDZ
• Vanguard FTSE Canadian High Dividend Yield Index ETF (VDY $61.15)
  • $61.15 P/E (TTM): 5.9X Cap: $5.33B
  • View VDY Profile
  • View Questions on VDY

Q: Is there any ETF that qualifies for dividend tax credit. If there is please share few of your favourite ETF.


Thanks for your great service

Upvote 7

Read Answer Asked by Hector on June 16, 2025

• iShares S&P/TSX Composite High Dividend Index ETF (XEI $32.33)
  • $32.33 P/E (TTM): 4.66X Cap: $2.71B
  • View XEI Profile
  • View Questions on XEI
• iShares S&P/TSX Canadian Dividend Aristocrats Index ETF (CDZ $40.39)
  • $40.39 P/E (TTM): 14.68X Cap: $1.07B
  • View CDZ Profile
  • View Questions on CDZ

Q: Hello

Just curious to how much overlap is there between CDZ and XEI? Is there a need to own both or can you just hold one. If only one which one do you prefer?

Jimmy

Upvote 5

Read Answer Asked by Jimmy on June 04, 2025

• iShares Core S&P 500 Index ETF (CAD-Hedged) (XSP $70.32)
  • $70.32 P/E (TTM): 27.0X Cap: $13.82B
  • View XSP Profile
  • View Questions on XSP
• iShares S&P/TSX Composite High Dividend Index ETF (XEI $32.33)
  • $32.33 P/E (TTM): 4.66X Cap: $2.71B
  • View XEI Profile
  • View Questions on XEI
• iShares S&P/TSX 60 Index ETF (XIU $46.66)
  • $46.66 P/E (TTM): 16.8X Cap: $19.41B
  • View XIU Profile
  • View Questions on XIU
• iShares Core MSCI Canadian Quality Dividend Index ETF (XDIV $36.31)
  • $36.31 P/E (TTM): 10.22X Cap: $3.51B
  • View XDIV Profile
  • View Questions on XDIV

Q: hi
I’m trying to build a simple ETF portfolio with TSX & S&P500 exposure so that’s it’s easy to add during dips.
For the S&P500 i’m thinking XSP.
Not sure what to do about the TSX. Undecided on XIU, XEI or XDIV. I realize the composition of each is different. Energy, Financials, Utilities etc. What would you do?
Thanks

Upvote 3

Read Answer Asked by Carlo on April 15, 2025

• iShares S&P/TSX Composite High Dividend Index ETF (XEI $32.33)
  • $32.33 P/E (TTM): 4.66X Cap: $2.71B
  • View XEI Profile
  • View Questions on XEI
• Harvest Diversified Monthly Income ETF (HDIF $8.96)
  • $8.96 P/E (TTM): 20.07X Cap: $464M
  • View HDIF Profile
  • View Questions on HDIF

Q: What do you think of these two etfs looking at the charts hdif has done better then xei and pays double the dividend. With a dividend over 10% is it safe which one would you prefer for a dividend investor.

Upvote 2

Read Answer Asked by don on March 18, 2025

• iShares S&P/TSX Composite High Dividend Index ETF (XEI $32.33)
  • $32.33 P/E (TTM): 4.66X Cap: $2.71B
  • View XEI Profile
  • View Questions on XEI
• iShares S&P/TSX Canadian Dividend Aristocrats Index ETF (CDZ $40.39)
  • $40.39 P/E (TTM): 14.68X Cap: $1.07B
  • View CDZ Profile
  • View Questions on CDZ
• Vanguard FTSE Canadian High Dividend Yield Index ETF (VDY $61.15)
  • $61.15 P/E (TTM): 5.9X Cap: $5.33B
  • View VDY Profile
  • View Questions on VDY
• iShares Core MSCI Canadian Quality Dividend Index ETF (XDIV $36.31)
  • $36.31 P/E (TTM): 10.22X Cap: $3.51B
  • View XDIV Profile
  • View Questions on XDIV

Q: I sold my individual dividend stocks and am replacing them with an ETF for simplicity. How would you rate/compare these dividendETFS? Which two do you prefer? I'll put 1 in my rrsp and a another in my TFSA. I am diversified in other countries already. I'm thinking XDIV and XEI might be the safest?

Upvote 4

Read Answer Asked by Carla on February 24, 2025

• iShares Core Canadian Long Term Bond Index ETF (XLB $18.89)
  • $18.89 Cap: $868M
  • View XLB Profile
  • View Questions on XLB
• iShares Core S&P/TSX Capped Composite Index ETF (XIC $50.37)
  • $50.37 P/E (TTM): 20.73X Cap: $21.10B
  • View XIC Profile
  • View Questions on XIC
• iShares S&P/TSX Composite High Dividend Index ETF (XEI $32.33)
  • $32.33 P/E (TTM): 4.66X Cap: $2.71B
  • View XEI Profile
  • View Questions on XEI
• Vanguard Canadian Aggregate Bond Index ETF (VAB $23.14)
  • $23.14 Cap: $6.40B
  • View VAB Profile
  • View Questions on VAB
• Vanguard FTSE Developed All Cap ex North America Index ETF (VIU $42.84)
  • $42.84 P/E (TTM): 22.96X Cap: $7.53B
  • View VIU Profile
  • View Questions on VIU
• Vanguard FTSE Emerging Markets All Cap Index ETF (VEE $45.47)
  • $45.47 P/E (TTM): 7.5X Cap: $3.18B
  • View VEE Profile
  • View Questions on VEE
• iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF (AGG $100.14)
  • $100.14 Cap: $134.83B
  • View AGG Profile
  • View Questions on AGG
• iShares MSCI EAFE Growth ETF (EFG $114.78)
  • $114.78 P/E (TTM): 36.69X Cap: $9.44B
  • View EFG Profile
  • View Questions on EFG
• Global X High Interest Savings ETF (CASH $49.99)
  • $49.99 Cap: $6.77B
  • View CASH Profile
  • View Questions on CASH
• High Interest Savings Account ETF (HISA)
  • View HISA Profile
  • View Questions on HISA

Q: I have $100,000 of cash in an investment account, am looking for some conservative ETF’s with 1/3 going to fixed income, same to Cdn Equity and balance to Global. Any suggestions? Given the trade war with the USA, I might sit on the sidelines for a few weeks so ny thoughts on best way to invest the cash with good liquidity. I was looking at HISA ETF’s but they are very low currently.

Upvote 5

Read Answer Asked by Paul on February 06, 2025

• iShares S&P/TSX Composite High Dividend Index ETF (XEI $32.33)
  • $32.33 P/E (TTM): 4.66X Cap: $2.71B
  • View XEI Profile
  • View Questions on XEI
• Vanguard S&P 500 Index ETF (VFV $170.01)
  • $170.01 P/E (TTM): 27.07X Cap: $27.83B
  • View VFV Profile
  • View Questions on VFV
• iShares Core Equity ETF Portfolio (XEQT $40.28)
  • $40.28 P/E (TTM): 7.87X Cap: $11.89B
  • View XEQT Profile
  • View Questions on XEQT

Q: Hi Peter and 5i Team,

How would you rank these ETFs, XEI, XEQT, VFV, QDTE, for a 10 year hold?

Upvote 4

Read Answer Asked by Marvin on January 30, 2025

• iShares S&P/TSX Capped Financials Index ETF (XFN $75.98)
  • $75.98 P/E (TTM): 11.82X Cap: $1.93B
  • View XFN Profile
  • View Questions on XFN
• BMO Equal Weight Utilities Index ETF (ZUT $25.41)
  • $25.41 P/E (TTM): 18.29X Cap: $815M
  • View ZUT Profile
  • View Questions on ZUT
• BMO S&P 500 Index ETF (ZSP $104.89)
  • $104.89 P/E (TTM): 26.73X Cap: $21.19B
  • View ZSP Profile
  • View Questions on ZSP
• iShares Core Canadian Universe Bond Index ETF (XBB $28.38)
  • $28.38 Cap: $8.92B
  • View XBB Profile
  • View Questions on XBB
• iShares Core MSCI EAFE IMI Index ETF (XEF $46.53)
  • $46.53 P/E (TTM): 1.16X Cap: $16.04B
  • View XEF Profile
  • View Questions on XEF
• iShares Core S&P/TSX Capped Composite Index ETF (XIC $50.37)
  • $50.37 P/E (TTM): 20.73X Cap: $21.10B
  • View XIC Profile
  • View Questions on XIC
• iShares S&P/TSX Composite High Dividend Index ETF (XEI $32.33)
  • $32.33 P/E (TTM): 4.66X Cap: $2.71B
  • View XEI Profile
  • View Questions on XEI
• iShares MSCI World Index ETF (XWD $111.46)
  • $111.46 P/E (TTM): 28.1X Cap: $1.49B
  • View XWD Profile
  • View Questions on XWD
• iShares S&P Global Industrials Index ETF(CAD-Hedged) (XGI $62.72)
  • $62.72 P/E (TTM): 28.92X Cap: $121M
  • View XGI Profile
  • View Questions on XGI
• iShares S&P/TSX 60 Index ETF (XIU $46.66)
  • $46.66 P/E (TTM): 16.8X Cap: $19.41B
  • View XIU Profile
  • View Questions on XIU
• iShares S&P/TSX Capped Consumer Staples Index ETF (XST $63.47)
  • $63.47 P/E (TTM): 13.37X Cap: $335M
  • View XST Profile
  • View Questions on XST
• iShares S&P/TSX Canadian Dividend Aristocrats Index ETF (CDZ $40.39)
  • $40.39 P/E (TTM): 14.68X Cap: $1.07B
  • View CDZ Profile
  • View Questions on CDZ
• iShares U.S. High Yield Bond Index ETF (CAD-Hedged) (XHY $16.72)
  • $16.72 Cap: $948M
  • View XHY Profile
  • View Questions on XHY
• Vanguard U.S. Dividend Appreciation Index ETF (VGG $105.07)
  • $105.07 Cap: $2.31B
  • View VGG Profile
  • View Questions on VGG

Q: It is rare that I ask this question coming from an 84 year old senior, but all the above equal weighted ETF's are presently in my TFSA and can't decide how to invest for the 2025 contribution. Which ETF I should I be adding to the above list or should I be adding a new one that is not in the portfolio?
Also are any of those listed that do not belong in a TFSA?
Thanks for your usual great service.

Upvote 3

Read Answer Asked by Terry on January 29, 2025

• iShares S&P/TSX Composite High Dividend Index ETF (XEI $32.33)
  • $32.33 P/E (TTM): 4.66X Cap: $2.71B
  • View XEI Profile
  • View Questions on XEI
• Vanguard FTSE Canadian High Dividend Yield Index ETF (VDY $61.15)
  • $61.15 P/E (TTM): 5.9X Cap: $5.33B
  • View VDY Profile
  • View Questions on VDY
• Vanguard Balanced ETF Portfolio (VBAL $37.25)
  • $37.25 P/E (TTM): 5.49X Cap: $4.32B
  • View VBAL Profile
  • View Questions on VBAL

Q: Would any of these ETF's have year-end distributions?
Is it a good idea to just wait until the new calendar year now, to start a new position in one of these?

Upvote 1

Read Answer Asked by Robert on December 10, 2024

• BMO Canadian Dividend ETF (ZDV $27.07)
  • $27.07 P/E (TTM): 13.11X Cap: $1.38B
  • View ZDV Profile
  • View Questions on ZDV
• iShares S&P/TSX Composite High Dividend Index ETF (XEI $32.33)
  • $32.33 P/E (TTM): 4.66X Cap: $2.71B
  • View XEI Profile
  • View Questions on XEI
• Vanguard FTSE Canadian High Dividend Yield Index ETF (VDY $61.15)
  • $61.15 P/E (TTM): 5.9X Cap: $5.33B
  • View VDY Profile
  • View Questions on VDY

Q: I want to keep a portion of my money in safer/ income producing assets. I have a sum of money in a high interest cash account > 4.25%. What is the difference between the 2? Would it not make sense to keep all the money in the cash acct? Or what would the pros and cons of this be?

Upvote 3

Read Answer Asked by Danielle on October 23, 2024

• BMO Canadian Dividend ETF (ZDV $27.07)
  • $27.07 P/E (TTM): 13.11X Cap: $1.38B
  • View ZDV Profile
  • View Questions on ZDV
• BMO Equal Weight Utilities Index ETF (ZUT $25.41)
  • $25.41 P/E (TTM): 18.29X Cap: $815M
  • View ZUT Profile
  • View Questions on ZUT
• BMO Equal Weight Banks Index ETF (ZEB $56.94)
  • $56.94 P/E (TTM): 11.77X Cap: $5.52B
  • View ZEB Profile
  • View Questions on ZEB
• iShares S&P/TSX Composite High Dividend Index ETF (XEI $32.33)
  • $32.33 P/E (TTM): 4.66X Cap: $2.71B
  • View XEI Profile
  • View Questions on XEI
• iShares Core MSCI Canadian Quality Dividend Index ETF (XDIV $36.31)
  • $36.31 P/E (TTM): 10.22X Cap: $3.51B
  • View XDIV Profile
  • View Questions on XDIV

Q: I currently own ZEB, ZUT AND ZDV for income. I'm considering to add one of either XEI or XDIV or sell my holdings and consolidate into one of either XEI or XDIV. Please advise whether adding or consolidating is better and which of XEI and XDIV is the better one. Please take as many credits as required.

Thanks 5i !! Ken

Upvote 3

Read Answer Asked by Kenneth on October 07, 2024

• iShares Canadian Financial Monthly Income ETF (FIE $9.77)
  • $9.77 P/E (TTM): 9.77X Cap: $1.25B
  • View FIE Profile
  • View Questions on FIE
• iShares S&P/TSX Composite High Dividend Index ETF (XEI $32.33)
  • $32.33 P/E (TTM): 4.66X Cap: $2.71B
  • View XEI Profile
  • View Questions on XEI

Q: 20% of my income portfolio is FIE (~6% yield) but I am considering a switch to XEI (~5% yield) for broader diversification. Which ETF is likely to perform better as interest rates decline?

Upvote 1

Read Answer Asked by Jean on September 23, 2024

• BMO Equal Weight Banks Index ETF (ZEB $56.94)
  • $56.94 P/E (TTM): 11.77X Cap: $5.52B
  • View ZEB Profile
  • View Questions on ZEB
• Global X S&P/TSX Capped Financials Index Corporate Class ETF (HXF $110.00)
  • $110.00 P/E (TTM): 10.9X Cap: $99M
  • View HXF Profile
  • View Questions on HXF
• iShares S&P/TSX Composite High Dividend Index ETF (XEI $32.33)
  • $32.33 P/E (TTM): 4.66X Cap: $2.71B
  • View XEI Profile
  • View Questions on XEI
• Vanguard FTSE Canadian High Dividend Yield Index ETF (VDY $61.15)
  • $61.15 P/E (TTM): 5.9X Cap: $5.33B
  • View VDY Profile
  • View Questions on VDY
• Hamilton Enhanced Canadian Financials ETF (HFIN $25.42)
  • $25.42 P/E (TTM): 11.62X Cap: $273M
  • View HFIN Profile
  • View Questions on HFIN

Q: Hey team. I'm a senior, dividend investor and I have been investigating both Ishares XEI (S&P Comp High Div ETF) and Vanguards VDY (Vangaurd FTSE Canadian High Div Yield Index ETF).
They look pretty much the same with slightly different holdings with XEI having a slightly higher dividend. Looking for your advice as to which one has the edge on the other. I own XEI now.
My second question is on the Ishares ETF- FIE (Canadian Financial Monthly Income) Yield of 6.49% when I looked. I'm not real happy with the high MER of .80 Would you know of an equivalent ETF with a lower MER that I could research? Cheers and thanks for your expertise and advice. Bill

Upvote 7

Read Answer Asked by William on September 18, 2024